Evaluating the top-bottom and bottom-up community development approaches: mixed method approach as alternative for rural un-educated communities in developing countries

• Main Authors: Isidiho, Alphonsus O., Sabran, Mohammad Shatar
• 格式: Article
• 語言: English
• 出版: Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research 2016
• 在線閱讀: http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/54202/1/Evaluating%20the%20top-bottom%20and%20bottom-up%20community%20development%20approaches.pdf; http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/54202/

This paper is evaluating the two popular community development approaches; the Top-down and the Bottom-up with their divergent differences in application and the influence each has in developmental projects/ programmes. The authors then propose a new model / approach “MIXED METHOD”. The works of Joh...