Development of 3D-printed serpentine fluidic channel integrated with heating element for loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) process

• Main Authors: Muhamad Atan, Muhammad Khairul Faisal, Ab Rahim, Rosminazuin, Nordin, Anis Nurashikin, Md Ralib @ Md Raghib, Aliza 'Aini, Gunawan, Teddy Surya, Mohd Zain, Zainiharyati
• 格式: Article
• 语言: English; English
• 出版: IIUM Press 2025
• 主题: TK7800 Electronics. Computer engineering. Computer hardware. Photoelectronic devices
• 在线阅读: http://irep.iium.edu.my/118557/1/118557_Development%20of%203D-printed%20serpentine%20fluidic.pdf; http://irep.iium.edu.my/118557/7/118557_Development%20of%203D-printed%20serpentine%20fluidic_SCOPUS.pdf; http://irep.iium.edu.my/118557/; https://journals.iium.edu.my/ejournal/index.php/iiumej/article/view/3407

DNA-based point-of-care (POC) diagnostics require rapid, accurate, and portable platforms for detection of infectious diseases. This can be achieved by incorporating a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) process for DNA amplification into the system. LAMP offers a promising in-situ solution, but maintaining consistent reaction conditions, such as a constant temperature, specifically at 65°C for 35 minutes to complete the LAMP process, remains a critical challenge. Therefore, this work presents the development of a 3D-printed serpentine fluidic channel integrated with a heating element for DNA amplification through the LAMP process. To assess their heating capabilities, heating testing was initially performed on several commercially available heating elements (Heater Cartridge, PTC 140, and PTC 230). PTC 230 heating element was chosen for its rapid heating performance (reaching 65°C in 54.78 seconds). Later, three serpentine fluidic channels of different diameters (1.6 mm, 1.7 mm, and 1.8 mm) were fabricated using a Masked Stereolithography Apparatus (MSLA) 3D printer. The developed portable LAMP device consisting of a fabricated serpentine fluidic channel on a PTC 230 heating element allows the sample to be heated at 65°C for 35 minutes. Sample flow inside each serpentine fluidic channel was measured and compared with the expected flow time of 35 minutes. It was observed that the fluidic channel with a 1.6 mm diameter shows the closest value of 34.33 minutes (percentage deviation of 1.91%) as compared to the other two channels. The optimized fluidic channel design (channel diameter of 1.6 mm) coupled with the rapid heating performance of the PTC 230 element (reaching 65°C in 54.78 seconds) for a portable LAMP device represents a significant step towards developing rapid, accurate, and portable POC diagnostic tools. ***** Diagnostik point-of-care (POC) berasaskan DNA memerlukan platform yang pantas, tepat, dan mudah alih untuk mengesan penyakit berjangkit. Ini boleh dicapai dengan menggabungkan proses penguatan isoterma bersandar gelung (LAMP) ke dalam sistem untuk penguatan DNA. LAMP menawarkan penyelesaian in-situ yang menjanjikan, tetapi mengekalkan keadaan reaksi yang konsisten, seperti suhu tetap pada 65°C selama 35 minit untuk menyelesaikan proses LAMP, kekal sebagai cabaran kritikal. Oleh itu, kajian ini membentangkan pembangunan saluran bendalir berlingkar 3D yang dicetak dengan integrasi elemen pemanas untuk penguatan DNA melalui proses LAMP. Untuk menilai keupayaan pemanasannya, ujian pemanasan dijalankan pada beberapa elemen pemanas komersial yang tersedia (Heater Cartridge, PTC 140, dan PTC 230). Elemen pemanas PTC 230 dipilih kerana prestasi pemanasannya yang pantas (mencapai 65°C dalam 54.78 saat). Selepas itu, tiga saluran bendalir berlingkar dengan diameter berbeza (1.6 mm, 1.7 mm, dan 1.8 mm) telah dihasilkan menggunakan pencetak 3D Masked Stereolithography Apparatus (MSLA). Peranti LAMP mudah alih yang dibangunkan, terdiri daripada saluran bendalir berlingkar yang dihasilkan di atas elemen pemanas PTC 230, membolehkan sampel dipanaskan pada suhu 65°C selama 35 minit. Aliran sampel di dalam setiap saluran bendalir berlingkar diukur dan dibandingkan dengan masa aliran yang dijangkakan selama 35 minit. Didapati bahawa saluran bendalir dengan diameter 1.6 mm menunjukkan nilai yang paling hampir iaitu 34.33 minit (peratusan sisihan 1.91%) berbanding dua saluran lain. Reka bentuk saluran bendalir yang dioptimumkan (diameter saluran 1.6 mm) digabungkan dengan prestasi pemanasan pantas elemen PTC 230 (mencapai 65°C dalam 54.78 saat) untuk peranti LAMP mudah alih mewakili langkah signifikan ke arah pembangunan alat diagnostik POC yang pantas, tepat, dan mudah alih.