The concept of Al-Ta’ayush in Islamic cosmopolitanism: from Medina to Istanbul and Malacca

• Main Authors: Abdullah, Asilatul Hanaa, Fathil, Fauziah
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: UKM Press 2021
• Subjects: H10 Societies; H51 History; HN Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform
• Online Access: http://irep.iium.edu.my/91398/7/91398_The%20concept%20of%20Al-Ta%E2%80%99ayush%20in%20Islamic%20cosmopolitanism.pdf; http://irep.iium.edu.my/91398/; https://ejournal.ukm.my/islamiyyat/article/view/48502; https://doi.org/10.17576/islamiyyat-2021-4301-14

In modern Western perspective, Islam is often associated with jihad or holy war waged against non-Muslims. In the Western view, multiculturalism and religious pluralism have neither a place in Islam nor Islamic state, therefore, making Islam look very intolerant and non-inclusive towards other fai...